临床医学英语试题及答案3篇（精选文档）

临床医学英语试题及答案1　　一、将下列单词或词组译成汉语：(每题1分，记10分)　　1.cardiacarrhythmia2.microalbuminuria3.epidemicinfluenza下面是小编为大家整理的临床医学英语试题及答案3篇（精选文档）,供大家参考。

临床医学英语试题及答案1

　　一、将下列单词或词组译成汉语：(每题1分，记10分)

　　1.cardiac arrhythmia 2.microalbuminuria 3.epidemic influenza

　　4.immunosuppression 5.hyperglycemia 6.lung compliance

　　7.endoscopic ultrasonography 8.acute cholecysstitis

　　9.nosocomial infection 10.spectrum of diseases

　　二、将下列单词或词组译成英语(每题1分，记10分)

　　1.体温计 2.呼吸频率 3.生长因子 4.炎性肠病 5.早产

　　6.术前分期 7.胆囊结石 8.慢性支气管炎 9.血管造影术 10.关节炎

　　三、英译中(每题16分，计80分，任选5题，如多选，计前5题分，答题时请写明题号)

　　1.The patient-physician interaction proceeds through many phases of clinical reasoning and decision making. The interaction begins with an elucidation of complaints or concerns, followed by inquiries or evaluation to address these concerns in increasingly precise ways. The process commonly requires a careful history or physical examination, ordering of diagnostic tests, integration of clinical findings with the test results, understanding of the risks and benefits of the possible courses of action, and careful consultation with the patient and family to develop future plans. Physicians increasingly can call on a growing literature of evidence-based medicine to guide the process so that benefit is maximized, while respecting individual variations among different patients

　　2.cognitive impairment increases in prominence as people age. Cognitive impairment is a risk factor for a wide range of adverse outcomes, including falls, immobilization, dependency, institutionalization, and mortality. Cognitive impairment complicates diagnosis and requires additional care giving to ensure safety.

　　In some patients, cognitive impairment may mask the symptoms of important conditions. Treatment for one disease may affect another adversely, as in the use of aspirin to prevent stroke in individuals with a history of peptic ulcer disease. The risk for becoming disabled or dependent also increases with the number of diseases present. Specific pairs of diseases can increase synergistically the risk of disability.

　　3.Occult bleeding is defined as the detection of asymptomatic blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract, generally by routine fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) or the presence of iron deficiency anemia. obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is defined as bleeding of unknown origin that persists or recurs after a negative initial endoscopic evaluation of both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. Both of these entities may be presentations of recurrent or chronic bleeding.

　　4.“Shortness of breath”, “a feeling of not being able to get enough air”, and “labored breathing” are all terms used by patients to describe the symptom of dyspnea.

　　An increased drive to ventilate may also cause dyspnea. Such stimuli include hypoxia, usually when arterial oxygen tensions are less than 60 mmHg, and stimuli from inflamed lung parenchyma, as occur in bacterial pneumonia or alveolitis and that drive the respiratory centers of the brain. These stimuli often lower the resting carbon dioxide pressure (Pco2) to less than the normal level of 40 mmHg and cause dyspnea, especially on mild exertion.

　　5.After several years, most diabetic patients exhibit diffuse glomerulosclerosis,although a minority have pathognomonic Kimmelsteil-wilson nodular lesions. Although pathologic changes continue to mount throughout the disease, glomerulosclerosis extensive enough to cause ESRD develops in a minority of patients; in these cases, overt albuminuria (>300 mg/day) begins approximatedly 15 years after diagnosis. Soon after, following a variable period on the order of 3 to 5 years, the GFR begins a relentless decline (≥10 ml/min/year), which is eventually reflected by an increase in serum creatinine. The appearance of massive proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome is common in this context and often heralds progression to ESRD. Once the serum creatinine rises (reflecting an approximately 50% decline in GFR), ESRD develops in most patients within 10 years. This course is highly variable, houever, particularly in type 2 diabetics, who may exhibit moderate proteinuria for several years without a substantial deterioration of renal function.

　　6.The first signs or symptoms of cancer are frequently due to metastases to visceral or nodal sites. In most such patients, routine clinical evaluation with a comprehensive history, physical examination, complete blood cell count, screening chemistries, and directed radiologic evaluation of specific symptoms or signs identifies the primary tumor. Patients who have no primary tumor located after this routine clinical evaluation are defined as having cancer of unknown primary site. Further clinical and pathologic evaluation will identify the primary site in only a small minority of patients, and about 80% will never have a primary site identified during their subsequent clinical course.

　　7.In the management of the pregnant trauma patient, the critical point is that resuscitation of the fetus is accomplished by resuscitation of the mother. Therefore, the initial evaluation and treatment of the pregnant injured patient is identical to that of the nonpregnant injured patient. Rapid assessment of the maternal airway, breathing, and circulation and ensuring an adequate airway avoids maternal and fetal hypoxia. In the later stages of pregnancy, as already described, uterine compression of the vena cava may result in hypotension from diminished venous return, so the pregnant trauma patient should be placed in left lateral decubitus position. If spinal cord injury is suspected, the patient may be secured to a backboard and then tilted to the left. The increased blood volume associated with pregnancy has important implications in the trauma patient. Signs of blood loss such as tachycardia and hypotension may be delayed until the patient loses nearly 30% of her blood volume.

　　8.Postoperative surgical complications represent one of the most frustrating and difficult occurrences experienced by surgeons who do a significant volume of surgery. Regardless of how technically gifted, bright, and capable a surgeon is, surgical complications are a virtually guaranteed aspect of life. The cost of surgical complications in the United States today runs into millions of dollars and is associated with lost work productivity, disruption of normal family life, and unanticipated stress to employers and society in general. Frequently, the functional results of the operation are compromised by complication; in some cases, the patient never recovers to the preoperative level of function. The most significant and difficult part of complications is the suffering borne by the patient who enters the hospital anticipating an uneventful operation but is left suffering and compromised by the complication.